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Шпаргалка по командам и хоткеям Unix

Ромка — Ср, 02/03/2010 - 14:08

Стянуто отсюда: http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch01.en.html

Хоткеи:

key	description of key binding
Ctrl-U	стереть тест перед курсором erase line before cursor
Ctrl-H	стереть символ перед курсром erase a character before cursor
Ctrl-D	terminate input (exit shell if you are using shell)
Ctrl-C	terminate a running program
Ctrl-Z	temporarily stop program by moving it to the background job
Ctrl-S	halt output to screen
Ctrl-Q	reactivate output to screen
Ctrl-Alt-Del	reboot/halt the system, see inittab(5)
Left-Alt-key (optionally, Windows-key)	meta-key for Emacs and the similar UI
Up-arrow	start command history search under bash
Ctrl-R	start incremental command history search under bash
Tab	complete input of the filename to the command line under bash
Ctrl-V Tab	input Tab without expansion to the command line under bash

Команды:

command	description
pwd	выводит текущую директорию display name of current/working directory
whoami	выводит имя текущего юзера display current user name
id	выводит id текущего юзера display current user identity (name, uid, gid, and associated groups)
file <foo>	выводит тип файла, переданного в качестве аргумента display a type of file for the file "<foo>"
type -p <commandname>	выводит расположение файла, вызывающегося при вводе команды display a file location of command "<commandname>"
which <commandname>	, ,
type <commandname>	выводит информацию о команде display information on command "<commandname>"
apropos <key-word>	находит команды, связанные с переданным аргумеентом find commands related to "<key-word>"
man -k <key-word>	, ,
whatis <commandname>	display one line explanation on command "<commandname>"
man -a <commandname>	display explanation on command "<commandname>" (Unix style)
info <commandname>	display rather long explanation on command "<commandname>" (GNU style)
ls	list contents of directory (non-dot files and directories)
ls -a	list contents of directory (all files and directories)
ls -A	list contents of directory (almost all files and directories, i.e., skip ".." and ".")
ls -la	list all contents of directory with detail information
ls -lai	list all contents of directory with inode number and detail information
ls -d	list all directories under the current directory
tree	display file tree contents
lsof <foo>	list open status of file "<foo>"
lsof -p <pid>	list files opened by the process ID: "<pid>"
mkdir <foo>	make a new directory "<foo>" in the current directory
rmdir <foo>	remove a directory "<foo>" in the current directory
cd <foo>	change directory to the directory "<foo>" in the current directory or in the directory listed in the variable "$CDPATH"
cd /	change directory to the root directory
cd	change directory to the current user's home directory
cd /<foo>	change directory to the absolute path directory "/<foo>"
cd ..	change directory to the parent directory
cd ~<foo>	change directory to the home directory of the user "<foo>"
cd -	change directory to the previous directory
</etc/motd pager	display contents of "/etc/motd" using the default pager
touch <junkfile>	create a empty file "<junkfile>"
cp <foo> <bar>	copy a existing file "<foo>" to a new file "<bar>"
rm <junkfile>	remove a file "<junkfile>"
mv <foo> <bar>	rename an existing file "<foo>" to a new name "<bar>" ("<bar>" must not exist)
mv <foo> <bar>	move an existing file "<foo>" to a new location "<bar>/<foo>" (the directory "<bar>" must exist)
mv <foo> <bar>/<baz>	move an existing file "<foo>" to a new location with a new name "<bar>/<baz>" (the directory "<bar>" must exist but the directory "<bar>/<baz>" must not exist)
chmod 600 <foo>	make an existing file "<foo>" to be non-readable and non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all)
chmod 644 <foo>	make an existing file "<foo>" to be readable but non-writable by the other people (non-executable for all)
chmod 755 <foo>	make an existing file "<foo>" to be readable but non-writable by the other people (executable for all)
find . -name <pattern>	find matching filenames using shell "<pattern>" (slower)
locate -d . <pattern>	find matching filenames using shell "<pattern>" (quicker using regularly generated database)
grep -e "<pattern>" *.html	find a "<pattern>" in all files ending with ".html" in current directory and display them all
top	display process information using full screen, type "q" to quit
ps aux \| pager	display information on all the running processes using BSD style output
ps -ef \| pager	display information on all the running processes using Unix system-V style output
ps aux \| grep -e "[e]xim4*"	display all processes running "exim" and "exim4"
ps axf \| pager	display information on all the running processes with ASCII art output
kill <1234>	kill a process identified by the process ID: "<1234>"
gzip <foo>	compress "<foo>" to create "<foo>.gz" using the Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77)
gunzip <foo>.gz	decompress "<foo>.gz" to create "<foo>"
bzip2 <foo>	compress "<foo>" to create "<foo>.bz2" using the Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm, and Huffman coding (better compression than gzip)
bunzip2 <foo>.bz2	decompress "<foo>.bz2" to create "<foo>"
tar -xvf <foo>.tar	extract files from "<foo>.tar" archive
tar -xvzf <foo>.tar.gz	extract files from gzipped "<foo>.tar.gz" archive
tar -xvf -j <foo>.tar.bz2	extract files from "<foo>.tar.bz2" archive
tar -cvf <foo>.tar <bar>/	archive contents of folder "<bar>/" in "<foo>.tar" archive
tar -cvzf <foo>.tar.gz <bar>/	archive contents of folder "<bar>/" in compressed "<foo>.tar.gz" archive
tar -cvjf <foo>.tar.bz2 <bar>/	archive contents of folder "<bar>/" in "<foo>.tar.bz2" archive
zcat README.gz \| pager	display contents of compressed "README.gz" using the default pager
zcat README.gz > foo	create a file "foo" with the decompressed content of "README.gz"
zcat README.gz >> foo	append the decompressed content of "README.gz" to the end of the file "foo" (if it does not exist, create it first)